Crossarchus

Template:Taxobox name
	Common kusimanse; (Crossarchus obscurus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Herpestidae
Subfamily:	Herpestinae
Genus:	''Crossarchus''; Cuvier, 1825
Species
	Crossarchus alexandri; Crossarchus ansorgei; Crossarchus obscurus; Crossarchus platycephalus
	Crossarchus range

Crossarchus is a genus of mongoose, commonly referred to as kusimanse (often cusimanse^[1]^[2]), mangue, or dwarf mongoose. Of three subfamilies of Herpestidae (Herpestinae, Mungotinae and Galidiinae), dwarf mongooses belong to Herpestinae or Mungotinae,^[3] which are small, highly social mongooses.^[1]

Nomenclature and etymology

They are known in French as Mangouste brune and in German as Dunkelkusimanse.

Range and habitat

Members of this genus ^{[citation needed]}are found in the swamplands and forests of central and western Africa, in the countries of Ghana,^[1] Ivory Coast, Liberia, and Sierra Leone.^[4]

Species

Alexander's kusimanse, Crossarchus alexandri
Angolan kusimanse, Crossarchus ansorgei
Common kusimanse, Crossarchus obscurus
Flat-headed kusimanse, Crossarchus platycephalus

Diet

They feed on insects, larvae, small reptiles, crabs and berries. They use their claws and snouts for digging in leaf litter, under rotted trees and stones for the insects and larvae. They will also wade in to shallow streams looking for freshwater crabs.

In most areas where members of Crossarchus live, they are the numerically dominant members of the forest carnivore community.^[2]

Reproduction

Females are polyestrus and if not mated will come into heat nine times in a year. Litters range from 2-3 per year. The young can open their eyes in about twelve days, eating solid food in three weeks and have adult hair in five weeks.

Behavior

Crossarchus live in groups of 10 to 24. One to three families live in a group. The families are made up of the mating pair and the young. They are diurnal, and will wander throughout their territories constantly, never staying in one place too long. In their wanderings they will create temporary shelters for themselves. As they do not occupy permanent den sites, the young are not able to keep up with the group for several weeks and must be carried to different foraging spots. Individuals in the group take turns carrying the young from place to place and also help feed them.^[1]

Since the sociable kusimanses do not live in open habitat, they maintain contact in the dense rainforest understory by giving constant whistling calls while traveling.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Dunham, Amy E. (2003–2004). "Mongooses and Fossa (Herpestidae)". In Hutchins, Michael; et al. (eds.). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia (2nd ed.). Detroit: Gale. p. 347. ISBN 0787653624. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |editor= (help)
^ ^a ^b Ray, Justina C. (2001). "Carnivore Biogeography and Conservation in the African Forest: A Community Perspective". In William Weber (ed.). African Rain Forest Ecology and Conservation: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 223. ISBN 0300084331.
^ Veron, Geraldine (2010). "Phylogeny of the Viverridae and 'Viverrid-like' Feliforms". In Anjali Goswami and Anthony Friscia (ed.). Carnivoran Evolution: New Views on Phylogeny, Form, and Function. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 70. ISBN 9780521515290.
^ Olson, Annette Lynn (2001). The Behavior and Ecology of the Long-Nosed Mongoose, Crossarchus obscurus [Doctoral dissertation]. Coral Gables: University of Miami.

Template:Wikispecies

[Dunham-1] Dunham, Amy E. (2003–2004). "Mongooses and Fossa (Herpestidae)". In Hutchins, Michael; et al. (eds.). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia (2nd ed.). Detroit: Gale. p. 347. ISBN 0787653624. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |editor= (help)

[Ray-2] Ray, Justina C. (2001). "Carnivore Biogeography and Conservation in the African Forest: A Community Perspective". In William Weber (ed.). African Rain Forest Ecology and Conservation: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 223. ISBN 0300084331.

[3] Veron, Geraldine (2010). "Phylogeny of the Viverridae and 'Viverrid-like' Feliforms". In Anjali Goswami and Anthony Friscia (ed.). Carnivoran Evolution: New Views on Phylogeny, Form, and Function. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 70. ISBN 9780521515290.

[4] Olson, Annette Lynn (2001). The Behavior and Ecology of the Long-Nosed Mongoose, Crossarchus obscurus [Doctoral dissertation]. Coral Gables: University of Miami.

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