Help:IPA/Swedish

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Swedish on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Swedish in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Shortcuts

The chart below shows how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Swedish pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-sv}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

The Sweden pronunciation is based primarily on Central Standard Swedish, and the Finland one on Helsinki pronunciation. Recordings and example transcriptions in this help are in Sweden Swedish, unless otherwise noted.

See Swedish phonology and Swedish alphabet § Sound–spelling correspondences for a more thorough look at the sounds of Swedish.

Consonants
IPA		Examples	English approximation
[[Image:Template:Country flag alias Sweden\|border\|25x20px\|Template:Country alias Swedenの旗]] SWE	[[Image:Template:Country flag alias Swedish-speaking Finns\|border\|x14px\|Template:Country alias Swedish-speaking Finnsの旗]] FIN	Examples	English approximation
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		bok^ⓘ	book
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	kjol^ⓘ, tjock^ⓘ, kön^ⓘ	sheep (SWE) or cheat (FIN)
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		dop^ⓘ	dad
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	nord^ⓘ^[1]	retroflex REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		fot^ⓘ	foot
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		god^ⓘ	good
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		hot^ⓘ	hat
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	sju^ⓘ, stjärna^ⓘ, skör^ⓘ, station^ⓘ, pension^ⓘ, geni^ⓘ, choklad^ⓘ^[2]	somewhat like Scottish loch or sheep (varies regionally)
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		jord^ⓘ, genom^ⓘ, Göteborg^ⓘ	yoyo
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		kon^ⓘ	cone
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		lov^ⓘ	lack
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	kärl^ⓘ^[1]	retroflex REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		mod^ⓘ	mode
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		nod^ⓘ	node
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	barn^ⓘ^[1]	retroflex REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		lång^ⓘ	long
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		pol^ⓘ	pole
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		rov^ⓘ^[3]	somewhat like American atom or Scottish rose
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		sot^ⓘ	soot
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	torsdag^ⓘ^[1]	retroflex Template:IPAslink, somewhat like shrine
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		tok^ⓘ	tool
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	parti^ⓘ^[1]	retroflex REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		våt^ⓘ	vote

Rare sounds
IPA	Examples	English approximation
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	Wales	Wales
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	Zlatan, Bratislava	aha

Vowels
IPA		Examples	English approximation
[[Image:Template:Country flag alias Sweden\|border\|25x20px\|Template:Country alias Swedenの旗]] SWE	[[Image:Template:Country flag alias Swedish-speaking Finns\|border\|x14px\|Template:Country alias Swedish-speaking Finnsの旗]] FIN	Examples	English approximation
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	matt^ⓘ	cut
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		mat^ⓘ	bra
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		värk^ⓘ, verk^ⓘ^[4]	trap
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		ära^ⓘ^[4]	ham
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		fet^ⓘ	mayor
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	häll^ⓘ, fett^ⓘ	sell
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	häl^ⓘ	RP pair
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	sill^ⓘ	hit
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		sil^ⓘ	leave
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	moll^ⓘ^[5]	off
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		mål^ⓘ^[5]	floor
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	nött^ⓘ^[5]	somewhat like hurt
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	börja^ⓘ^[4]^[5]	somewhat like hurt
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		öra^ⓘ^[4]^[5]	somewhat like herd
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		nöt^ⓘ^[5]	somewhat like herd
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	full^ⓘ, musik^ⓘ^[5]^[6]	moot
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	duell, känguru^[5]^[6]^[7]	moot
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		ful^ⓘ^[5]^[8]	mood
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	bott^ⓘ^[5]	wool
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		bot^ⓘ^[5]	rule
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	syll^ⓘ^[5]^[7]	somewhat like cute
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		syl^ⓘ^[5]^[8]	somewhat like cube

Suprasegmentals
IPA		Examples	Explanation
[[Image:Template:Country flag alias Sweden\|border\|25x20px\|Template:Country alias Swedenの旗]] SWE	[[Image:Template:Country flag alias Swedish-speaking Finns\|border\|x14px\|Template:Country alias Swedish-speaking Finnsの旗]] FIN	Examples	Explanation
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	anden REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI 'the duck'	tone 1 / acute accent:^[9] rising-falling tone in Stockholm: Template:Audio-IPA low-rising tone in Gothenburg: REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI falling-low tone in Malmö: REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	anden REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI 'the spirit'	tone 2 / grave accent:^[9] falling-falling tone in Stockholm: Template:Audio-IPA falling-rising tone in Gothenburg: REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI rising-falling tone in Malmö: REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		Oxenstierna REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI	secondary stress, as in intonation
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI		Helsingfors Template:Audio-IPA	geminated consonant: fresh shrimp^[10]

Notes[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e
In many of the dialects that have an apical rhotic consonant, a recursive sandhi process of retroflexion occurs, and clusters of
1. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and dental consonants
2. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,
3. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,
4. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,
5. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,
6. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI produce retroflex consonant realisations: [ɖ], [ɭ], [ɳ], [ʂ], [ʈ]. In dialects with a guttural R, such as Southern Swedish, they are
7. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,
8. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,
9. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,
10. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,
11. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI. In Finland Swedish, retroflexion might only occur in some varieties, especially among young speakers and in fast speech.
^
Sweden Swedish
1. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI varies regionally and is sometimes [xʷ], [ɸˠ], or [ʂ].
^
1. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI varies considerably in different dialects: it is pronounced alveolar or similarly (a trilled r when articulated clearly or in slow or formal speech; in normal speech, usually a tapped r or an alveolar approximant) in virtually all dialects (most consistently
2. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI in Finland), but in South Swedish dialects, it is uvular, similar to the Parisian French r. At the beginning of a syllable, it can also be pronounced as a fricative [ʐ], similar to in English genre or vision.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d
Before
1. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, the quality of non-high front vowels is changed: the unrounded vowels
2. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and
3. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are lowered to [æ] and [æː] (except certain instances of unstressed
4. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI), whereas the rounded
5. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI ([œ˔]) and
6. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are lowered to open-mid [œ] and [œː]. For simplicity, no distinction is made between the mid
7. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and the open-mid
8. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, with both being transcribed as ⟨œ⟩. Note that younger speakers use lower allophones [ɶ] (which they tend to merge with
9. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI into [ɵ]) and [ɶː].
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m
In Sweden,
1. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are protruded vowels, while
2. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are compressed. Instead,
3. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are compressed, while only
4. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are protruded in Finland. This makes Finland Swedish
5. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and
6. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI sound closer to Sweden Swedish
7. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and
8. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, which are also fronted, rather than to their respective counterparts.
^ ^a ^b
[ɵ] and [ʉ] are the Sweden Swedish unstressed allophones of a single phoneme
1. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI (stressed
2. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI is always realized as
3. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI):
1. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI is used in all closed syllables (as in kultur Template:Audio-IPA) but also in some open syllables, as in musikal
2. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI. Some cases involve resyllabification caused by retroflexion, which makes the syllable open, as in kurtisan
3. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI.
1. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI appears only in open syllables. In some cases,
2. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI is the only possible realization, as in känguru
3. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, or when
4. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI appears in hiatus, as in duell
5. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI.
- In other cases,
1. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI is in free variation with
2. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI so musik can be pronounced as Template:Audio-IPA or
3. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI Template:Harvcol. For simplicity, only ⟨ɵ⟩ will be used.
^ ^a ^b
The distinction between compressed [ʉ] and protruded [ʏ] is particularly difficult to hear for non-native speakers:
- Sweden Swedish compressed
1. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI sounds very close to German compressed [ʏ] (as in müssen Template:Audio-IPA);
- Sweden Swedish protruded
1. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI sounds more similar to English unrounded [ɪ] (as in hit) than to German compressed
2. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, and it is very close to Norwegian protruded
3. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI (as in nytt Template:IPA-no).
^ ^a ^b
The distinction between compressed [ʉː] and protruded [yː] is particularly difficult to hear for non-native speakers:
- Sweden Swedish compressed
1. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI sounds very close to German compressed [yː] (as in üben Template:Audio-IPA);
- Sweden Swedish protruded
1. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI sounds more similar to English unrounded [iː] (as in leave) than to German compressed
2. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, and it is very close to Norwegian protruded
3. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI (as in lys Template:IPA-no).
^ ^a ^b
Finland Swedish, as well as a few accents of Mainland Sweden, have a simple primary stress (transcribed as ⟨ˈ⟩) rather than a contrastive pitch accent. In such accents, a word like anden is always pronounced as
1. REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI regardless of its meaning. The variety of Swedish spoken in Åland usually resembles phonetically speaking the dialects of the Uppland area rather than other Finland Swedish varieties, but the pitch accent is still largely missing.
^ Consonants always tend to geminate after a stressed short vowel in Sweden Swedish. In Finland, this is not always true and between vowels usually only happens when the short vowel is followed by an orthographic geminate.

Bibliography[edit]

Engstrand, Olle (1999), "Swedish", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 140–142, ISBN 0-521-63751-1
Hedelin, Per; Elert, Claes-Christian (1997), Norstedts svenska uttalslexikon, Norstedts, ISBN 91-1-971122-0
Reuter, Mikael (1971), "Vokalerna i finlandssvenska: En instrumentell analys och ett försök till systematisering enligt särdrag" (PDF), Studier i nordisk filologi (in Swedish), Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland, 46: 240–249
Riad, Tomas (2014), The Phonology of Swedish, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-954357-1

External links[edit]

Lexin

[retroflex-1] In many of the dialects that have an apical rhotic consonant, a recursive sandhi process of retroflexion occurs, and clusters of
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and dental consonants

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI produce retroflex consonant realisations: [ɖ], [ɭ], [ɳ], [ʂ], [ʈ]. In dialects with a guttural R, such as Southern Swedish, they are

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI. In Finland Swedish, retroflexion might only occur in some varieties, especially among young speakers and in fast speech.

[2] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and dental consonants

[3] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

[4] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

[5] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

[6] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

[7] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI produce retroflex consonant realisations: [ɖ], [ɭ], [ɳ], [ʂ], [ʈ]. In dialects with a guttural R, such as Southern Swedish, they are

[8] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

[9] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

[10] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

[11] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

[12] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI. In Finland Swedish, retroflexion might only occur in some varieties, especially among young speakers and in fast speech.

[2] Sweden Swedish
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI varies regionally and is sometimes [xʷ], [ɸˠ], or [ʂ].

[14] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI varies regionally and is sometimes [xʷ], [ɸˠ], or [ʂ].

[3] 
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI varies considerably in different dialects: it is pronounced alveolar or similarly (a trilled r when articulated clearly or in slow or formal speech; in normal speech, usually a tapped r or an alveolar approximant) in virtually all dialects (most consistently

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI in Finland), but in South Swedish dialects, it is uvular, similar to the Parisian French r. At the beginning of a syllable, it can also be pronounced as a fricative [ʐ], similar to in English genre or vision.

[16] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI varies considerably in different dialects: it is pronounced alveolar or similarly (a trilled r when articulated clearly or in slow or formal speech; in normal speech, usually a tapped r or an alveolar approximant) in virtually all dialects (most consistently

[17] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI in Finland), but in South Swedish dialects, it is uvular, similar to the Parisian French r. At the beginning of a syllable, it can also be pronounced as a fricative [ʐ], similar to in English genre or vision.

[rhotic-4] Before
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, the quality of non-high front vowels is changed: the unrounded vowels

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are lowered to [æ] and [æː] (except certain instances of unstressed

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI), whereas the rounded

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI ([œ˔]) and

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are lowered to open-mid [œ] and [œː]. For simplicity, no distinction is made between the mid

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and the open-mid

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, with both being transcribed as ⟨œ⟩. Note that younger speakers use lower allophones [ɶ] (which they tend to merge with

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI into [ɵ]) and [ɶː].

[19] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, the quality of non-high front vowels is changed: the unrounded vowels

[20] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and

[21] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are lowered to [æ] and [æː] (except certain instances of unstressed

[22] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI), whereas the rounded

[23] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI ([œ˔]) and

[24] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are lowered to open-mid [œ] and [œː]. For simplicity, no distinction is made between the mid

[25] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and the open-mid

[26] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, with both being transcribed as ⟨œ⟩. Note that younger speakers use lower allophones [ɶ] (which they tend to merge with

[27] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI into [ɵ]) and [ɶː].

[roundedness-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m In Sweden,
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are protruded vowels, while

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are compressed. Instead,

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are compressed, while only

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are protruded in Finland. This makes Finland Swedish

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI sound closer to Sweden Swedish

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, which are also fronted, rather than to their respective counterparts.

[29] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are protruded vowels, while

[30] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are compressed. Instead,

[31] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are compressed, while only

[32] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are protruded in Finland. This makes Finland Swedish

[33] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and

[34] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI sound closer to Sweden Swedish

[35] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and

[36] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, which are also fronted, rather than to their respective counterparts.

[shortu-6] [ɵ] and [ʉ] are the Sweden Swedish unstressed allophones of a single phoneme
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI (stressed

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI is always realized as

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI):

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI is used in all closed syllables (as in kultur Template:Audio-IPA) but also in some open syllables, as in musikal

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI. Some cases involve resyllabification caused by retroflexion, which makes the syllable open, as in kurtisan

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI.

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI appears only in open syllables. In some cases,

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI is the only possible realization, as in känguru

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, or when

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI appears in hiatus, as in duell

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI.

In other cases,

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI is in free variation with

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI so musik can be pronounced as Template:Audio-IPA or

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI Template:Harvcol. For simplicity, only ⟨ɵ⟩ will be used.

[38] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI (stressed

[39] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI is always realized as

[40] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI):

[41] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI is used in all closed syllables (as in kultur Template:Audio-IPA) but also in some open syllables, as in musikal

[42] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI. Some cases involve resyllabification caused by retroflexion, which makes the syllable open, as in kurtisan

[43] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI.

[44] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI appears only in open syllables. In some cases,

[45] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI is the only possible realization, as in känguru

[46] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, or when

[47] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI appears in hiatus, as in duell

[48] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI.

[49] In other cases,

[50] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI is in free variation with

[51] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI so musik can be pronounced as Template:Audio-IPA or

[52] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI Template:Harvcol. For simplicity, only ⟨ɵ⟩ will be used.

[closerounded1-7] The distinction between compressed [ʉ] and protruded [ʏ] is particularly difficult to hear for non-native speakers:
Sweden Swedish compressed

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI sounds very close to German compressed [ʏ] (as in müssen Template:Audio-IPA);

Sweden Swedish protruded

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI sounds more similar to English unrounded [ɪ] (as in hit) than to German compressed

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, and it is very close to Norwegian protruded

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI (as in nytt Template:IPA-no).

[54] Sweden Swedish compressed

[55] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI sounds very close to German compressed [ʏ] (as in müssen Template:Audio-IPA);

[56] Sweden Swedish protruded

[57] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI sounds more similar to English unrounded [ɪ] (as in hit) than to German compressed

[58] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, and it is very close to Norwegian protruded

[59] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI (as in nytt Template:IPA-no).

[closerounded2-8] The distinction between compressed [ʉː] and protruded [yː] is particularly difficult to hear for non-native speakers:
Sweden Swedish compressed

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI sounds very close to German compressed [yː] (as in üben Template:Audio-IPA);

Sweden Swedish protruded

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI sounds more similar to English unrounded [iː] (as in leave) than to German compressed

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, and it is very close to Norwegian protruded

REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI (as in lys Template:IPA-no).

[61] Sweden Swedish compressed

[62] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI sounds very close to German compressed [yː] (as in üben Template:Audio-IPA);

[63] Sweden Swedish protruded

[64] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI sounds more similar to English unrounded [iː] (as in leave) than to German compressed

[65] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, and it is very close to Norwegian protruded

[66] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI (as in lys Template:IPA-no).

[finlandtonemes-9] Finland Swedish, as well as a few accents of Mainland Sweden, have a simple primary stress (transcribed as ⟨ˈ⟩) rather than a contrastive pitch accent. In such accents, a word like anden is always pronounced as
REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI regardless of its meaning. The variety of Swedish spoken in Åland usually resembles phonetically speaking the dialects of the Uppland area rather than other Finland Swedish varieties, but the pitch accent is still largely missing.

[68] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI regardless of its meaning. The variety of Swedish spoken in Åland usually resembles phonetically speaking the dialects of the Uppland area rather than other Finland Swedish varieties, but the pitch accent is still largely missing.

[10] Consonants always tend to geminate after a stressed short vowel in Sweden Swedish. In Finland, this is not always true and between vowels usually only happens when the short vowel is followed by an orthographic geminate.

[70] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and dental consonants

[71] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

[72] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

[73] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

[74] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

[75] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI produce retroflex consonant realisations: [ɖ], [ɭ], [ɳ], [ʂ], [ʈ]. In dialects with a guttural R, such as Southern Swedish, they are

[76] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

[77] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

[78] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

[79] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI,

[80] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI. In Finland Swedish, retroflexion might only occur in some varieties, especially among young speakers and in fast speech.

[81] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI varies regionally and is sometimes [xʷ], [ɸˠ], or [ʂ].

[82] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI varies considerably in different dialects: it is pronounced alveolar or similarly (a trilled r when articulated clearly or in slow or formal speech; in normal speech, usually a tapped r or an alveolar approximant) in virtually all dialects (most consistently

[83] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI in Finland), but in South Swedish dialects, it is uvular, similar to the Parisian French r. At the beginning of a syllable, it can also be pronounced as a fricative [ʐ], similar to in English genre or vision.

[84] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, the quality of non-high front vowels is changed: the unrounded vowels

[85] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and

[86] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are lowered to [æ] and [æː] (except certain instances of unstressed

[87] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI), whereas the rounded

[88] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI ([œ˔]) and

[89] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are lowered to open-mid [œ] and [œː]. For simplicity, no distinction is made between the mid

[90] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and the open-mid

[91] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, with both being transcribed as ⟨œ⟩. Note that younger speakers use lower allophones [ɶ] (which they tend to merge with

[92] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI into [ɵ]) and [ɶː].

[93] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are protruded vowels, while

[94] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are compressed. Instead,

[95] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are compressed, while only

[96] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI are protruded in Finland. This makes Finland Swedish

[97] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and

[98] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI sound closer to Sweden Swedish

[99] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI and

[100] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, which are also fronted, rather than to their respective counterparts.

[101] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI (stressed

[102] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI is always realized as

[103] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI):

[104] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI is used in all closed syllables (as in kultur Template:Audio-IPA) but also in some open syllables, as in musikal

[105] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI. Some cases involve resyllabification caused by retroflexion, which makes the syllable open, as in kurtisan

[106] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI.

[107] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI appears only in open syllables. In some cases,

[108] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI is the only possible realization, as in känguru

[109] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI, or when

[110] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI appears in hiatus, as in duell

[111] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI.

[112] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI is in free variation with

[113] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI so musik can be pronounced as Template:Audio-IPA or

[114] REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:AFI Template:Harvcol. For simplicity, only ⟨ɵ⟩ will be used.

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