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Summary
DescriptionAtomic-orbital-clouds spdf m0.png
English: Collection of ten atomic hydrogen-like single-electron orbitals showing 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 3d, 4s, 4p, 4d and 4f orbitals. The angular momentum quantum numberl is denoted in each column, using the usual spectroscopic letter code ("s" means l=0; "p": l=1; "d": l=2; "f": l=3). The main quantum numbern (=1,2,3,4,...) is marked to the right of each row. All orbitals are aligned along the z-axis and the magnetic quantum numberm has been set to 0. The images are 3D renderings of the spatial density distribution of |𝜓|² with the color depicting the phase of 𝜓. The spatial distribution is smooth and vanishes for large radii. The cloud is a more realistic representation of an orbital than the more common solid-body approximations.
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