કેલિફોર્નિયા

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કેલિફોર્નિયા
CountryUnited States
Before statehoodCalifornia Republic
Admitted to the UnionSeptember 9, 1850 (31st)
CapitalSacramento
Largest cityLos Angeles
Largest metro and urban areasGreater Los Angeles Area
Government
 • GovernorJerry Brown (D)
 • Lieutenant GovernorGavin Newsom (D)[1]
LegislatureCalifornia State Legislature
 • Upper houseCalifornia State Senate
 • Lower houseCalifornia State Assembly
U.S. senatorsDianne Feinstein (D)
Barbara Boxer (D)
U.S. House delegation38 Democrats, 15 Republicans (list)
Population
 • Total38,802,500 (2,014 est)[2]
 • Density246/sq mi (95.0/km2)
 • Median household income
US$61,021
 • Income rank
9th
Language
 • Official languageEnglish
 • Spoken languageAs of 2007
Traditional abbreviationCalif., Cal.,
Latitude32° 32′ N to 42° N
Longitude114° 8′ W to 124° 26′ W

Template:Infobox U.S. state symbols Template:Stack endકેલિફોર્નિયા (11x11px|Listeni/ˌkælɨˈfɔrnjə/) એ યુનાઇડેટ સ્ટેટ્સની પશ્ચિમ બાજુએ આવેલું રાજ્ય છે. તે અમેરિકાનું સૌથી વધુ વસ્તી ધરાવતા રાજ્યોમાંનું એક છે,[2] અમેરિકાના આઠમાંથી ૧ માણસ અહીં રહે છે અને કુલ વસ્તી ૩.૮ કરોડ લોકોની છે. વિસ્તારની રીતે, અલાસ્કા અને ટેક્સાસ પછી તે ત્રીજું સૌથી મોટું રાજ્ય છે. કેલિફોર્નિયાની ઉત્તર ઓરેગોન, પૂર્વે નેવાડા, દક્ષિણપૂર્વે એરિઝોના અને દક્ષિણે મેક્સિકોનું સ્ટેટ ઓફ બાજા કેલિફોર્નિયા આવેલું છે. તે દેશના બીજાં અને પાંચમાં સૌથી ગીચ વસ્તી ધરાવતા પ્રદેશો (ગ્રેટર લોસ એન્જેલસ અને સાન ફ્રાન્સિસ્કો અખાત વિસ્તાર) ધરાવે છે. તેમજ દેશનાં સૌથી વધુ વસ્તી ધરાવતાં ૫૦ શહેરોમાં આઠ (લોસ એન્જેલસ, સાન ડિએગો, સાન હોશે, સાન ફ્રાન્સિસ્કો, ફ્રેસ્નો, સાક્રામાન્ટો, લોંગ બીચ અને ઓકલેન્ડ) ધરાવે છે.[11] સાક્રામાન્ટો ૧૮૫૪થી રાજ્યનું પાટનગર છે.

What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. It was then claimed by the Spanish Empire as part of Alta California in the larger territory of New Spain. Alta California became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its successful war for independence, but would later be ceded to the United States in 1 848 after the Mexican–American War. The western portion of Alta California was soon organized as the State of California, which was admitted as the 31st state on September 9, 1850. The California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic change, with large-scale immigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom.

California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada in the east – from the Redwood–Douglas fir forests of the northwest, to the Mojave Desert areas in the southeast. The center of the state is dominated by the Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest and lowest points in the contiguous United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), and has the 3rd longest coastline of all states (after Alaska and Florida). Earthquakes are a common occurrence because of the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire: about 37,000 are recorded annually, but most are too small to feel.[12]

At least half of the fruit produced in the United States is now cultivated in California, and the state also leads in the production of vegetables.[13] Other important contributors to the state's economy include aerospace, education, manufacturing, and high-tech industry. If it were a country, California would be the 8th or 9th largest economy in the world[14] and the 34th most populous.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Coté, John (December 31, 2010). "Lt. Gov.-elect Gavin Newsom to be sworn in by Jan. 10". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Newspapers. Retrieved January 3, 2010.
  2. ^ a b Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". (CSV) U.S. Census Bureau, 24. Dezember 2014, abgerufen am 24. Dezember 2014.Vorlage:Cite web/temporär
  3. ^ a b Hyon B. Shin, Robert A. Kominski: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". United States Department of Commerce, April 2010, abgerufen am 27. Mai 2013.Vorlage:Cite web/temporär
  4. ^ a b c d Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". United States Census Bureau, 2007, abgerufen am 26. Mai 2013.Vorlage:Cite web/temporär
  5. ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". State of California Legislative Council, abgerufen am 24. Dezember 2009.Vorlage:Cite web/temporär
  6. ^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mount_Whitney; see Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text ().
  7. ^ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named USGS; see Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text ().
  8. ^ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named NAVD88; see Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text ().
  9. ^ The summit of Mount Whitney is the highest point in the Contiguous United States.
  10. ^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named autogenerated2005; see Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text ().
  11. ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". State of California, Department of Finance, Mai 2009, abgerufen am 24. Dezember 2009.Vorlage:Cite web/temporär
  12. ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Seismo.berkeley.edu, abgerufen am 22. April 2011.Vorlage:Cite web/temporär
  13. ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Life in the USA, abgerufen am 23. August 2011.Vorlage:Cite web/temporär
  14. ^ Jason Hanna (January 13, 2012). "Report: California slips to world's 9th largest economy". CNN. Retrieved May 31, 2013.

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