કેલિફોર્નિયા
કેલિફોર્નિયા | |
---|---|
Country | United States |
Before statehood | California Republic |
Admitted to the Union | September 9, 1850 (31st) |
Capital | Sacramento |
Largest city | Los Angeles |
Largest metro and urban areas | Greater Los Angeles Area |
Government | |
• Governor | Jerry Brown (D) |
• Lieutenant Governor | Gavin Newsom (D)[1] |
Legislature | California State Legislature |
• Upper house | California State Senate |
• Lower house | California State Assembly |
U.S. senators | Dianne Feinstein (D) Barbara Boxer (D) |
U.S. House delegation | 38 Democrats, 15 Republicans (list) |
Population | |
• Total | 38,802,500 (2,014 est)[2] |
• Density | 246/sq mi (95.0/km2) |
• Median household income | US$61,021 |
• Income rank | 9th |
Language | |
• Official language | English |
• Spoken language | As of 2007 |
Traditional abbreviation | Calif., Cal., |
Latitude | 32° 32′ N to 42° N |
Longitude | 114° 8′ W to 124° 26′ W |
Template:Infobox U.S. state symbols Template:Stack endકેલિફોર્નિયા (11x11px|Listeni/ˌkælɨˈfɔrnjə/) એ યુનાઇડેટ સ્ટેટ્સની પશ્ચિમ બાજુએ આવેલું રાજ્ય છે. તે અમેરિકાનું સૌથી વધુ વસ્તી ધરાવતા રાજ્યોમાંનું એક છે,[2] અમેરિકાના આઠમાંથી ૧ માણસ અહીં રહે છે અને કુલ વસ્તી ૩.૮ કરોડ લોકોની છે. વિસ્તારની રીતે, અલાસ્કા અને ટેક્સાસ પછી તે ત્રીજું સૌથી મોટું રાજ્ય છે. કેલિફોર્નિયાની ઉત્તર ઓરેગોન, પૂર્વે નેવાડા, દક્ષિણપૂર્વે એરિઝોના અને દક્ષિણે મેક્સિકોનું સ્ટેટ ઓફ બાજા કેલિફોર્નિયા આવેલું છે. તે દેશના બીજાં અને પાંચમાં સૌથી ગીચ વસ્તી ધરાવતા પ્રદેશો (ગ્રેટર લોસ એન્જેલસ અને સાન ફ્રાન્સિસ્કો અખાત વિસ્તાર) ધરાવે છે. તેમજ દેશનાં સૌથી વધુ વસ્તી ધરાવતાં ૫૦ શહેરોમાં આઠ (લોસ એન્જેલસ, સાન ડિએગો, સાન હોશે, સાન ફ્રાન્સિસ્કો, ફ્રેસ્નો, સાક્રામાન્ટો, લોંગ બીચ અને ઓકલેન્ડ) ધરાવે છે.[11] સાક્રામાન્ટો ૧૮૫૪થી રાજ્યનું પાટનગર છે.
What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. It was then claimed by the Spanish Empire as part of Alta California in the larger territory of New Spain. Alta California became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its successful war for independence, but would later be ceded to the United States in 1 848 after the Mexican–American War. The western portion of Alta California was soon organized as the State of California, which was admitted as the 31st state on September 9, 1850. The California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic change, with large-scale immigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom.
California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada in the east – from the Redwood–Douglas fir forests of the northwest, to the Mojave Desert areas in the southeast. The center of the state is dominated by the Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest and lowest points in the contiguous United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), and has the 3rd longest coastline of all states (after Alaska and Florida). Earthquakes are a common occurrence because of the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire: about 37,000 are recorded annually, but most are too small to feel.[12]
At least half of the fruit produced in the United States is now cultivated in California, and the state also leads in the production of vegetables.[13] Other important contributors to the state's economy include aerospace, education, manufacturing, and high-tech industry. If it were a country, California would be the 8th or 9th largest economy in the world[14] and the 34th most populous.
References[edit]
- ^ Coté, John (December 31, 2010). "Lt. Gov.-elect Gavin Newsom to be sworn in by Jan. 10". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Newspapers. Retrieved January 3, 2010.
- ^ a b Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". (CSV) U.S. Census Bureau, 24. Dezember 2014, abgerufen am 24. Dezember 2014.
- ^ a b Hyon B. Shin, Robert A. Kominski: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". United States Department of Commerce, April 2010, abgerufen am 27. Mai 2013.
- ^ a b c d Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". United States Census Bureau, 2007, abgerufen am 26. Mai 2013.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". State of California Legislative Council, abgerufen am 24. Dezember 2009.
- ^ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedMount_Whitney
; see Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text (). - ^ a b Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedUSGS
; see Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text (). - ^ a b Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedNAVD88
; see Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text (). - ^ The summit of Mount Whitney is the highest point in the Contiguous United States.
- ^ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedautogenerated2005
; see Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text (). - ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". State of California, Department of Finance, Mai 2009, abgerufen am 24. Dezember 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Seismo.berkeley.edu, abgerufen am 22. April 2011.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Life in the USA, abgerufen am 23. August 2011.
- ^ Jason Hanna (January 13, 2012). "Report: California slips to world's 9th largest economy". CNN. Retrieved May 31, 2013.
External links[edit]
- State of California
- California State Guide, from the Library of Congress
- link=|alt=|16x16px Geographic data related to California at OpenStreetMap
- California State Facts from USDA
- California Drought 2014: Farm and Food Impacts from USDA, Economic Research Service
- Template:ઢાંચો:DmozDMOZ
- 1973 documentary featuring aerial views of the California coastline from Mt. Shasta to Los Angeles
- Time-Lapse Tilt-Shift Portrait of California by Ryan and Sheri Killackey
- Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments
- Pages with reference errors
- Pages with script errors
- حوالہ جات میں غلطیوں کے ساتھ صفحات
- Articles with short description
- Short description with empty Wikidata description
- Pages using infobox settlement with no map
- Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates
- Pages using infobox U.S. state with unknown parameters